Brake system



Jan 9, 1945 1 A. MAJNERI :TAL 2,366,921

BRAKE SYSTEM LUDWIG A.MAJNERI BY WlLLlAM LWISEMAN ATTORNEYSv FI G l' I 2 INVENToRs Jan. 9, 1945.

l. A. -lvuxJn'aRl ETAL BRAKE SYSTEM Filed July 22, 1942 6 Sheet-Sheet 2 ..3v G 9 Il 2 8. d F 9 24| 53772 22 v oW ll M., 2 222 7+ 'i 7 `.Z 7

ATTORNEYS ,Jam 9, 1945- l. A. MAJNERI ETAL n 2,366,921

BRAKESYSTEM Fileduuu 22, 1942 esv sheets-sham s |44 |47 Y INVENTORS |42 14' LUDWIG AMAJMERI ATTORNEYS Jan- 9,` 1945- A.l MAJNERI ETAL I 2,366,921

' BRAKE SYSTEM l Filed July 22, 1942 6 Sheets-sheet 4 -INVENTQRS 98 LUDWIG A MAJNERI BY WILLIAM A.w|sEMAN Ibo '02 |07 ATTORNEYS Jan- 9, 1945-- A MAJNERI ETAL 2,366,921

` BRAKE SYSTEM Filed July 22,1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG'.IO.- l

IN VEN TORS LUDWIG A.MAJNERI BY WILLIAM AWISEMAN ATTORNEYS Jan. 9, 1945. l. A.` MAJNERI ET'AL' BRAKE SYSTEM Filed July` 22, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 4 LUDWIG A.MAJNER| BY WILLIAM A.W|SEMAN ATTORNEYS l c Patented Jan. 9, 19451 N maar c 2,366,921 1 c BRAKE SYSTEM Q c c liudwigv. `Majneri, Grosse Pointe, `and William c A.` Wiseman,l Detroit, Mich., assignors to The i ,c .Warner `Aircraft Corporation, Detroit, `Mich.,

a"`corporation of Michigan` i l Applieaun Ju1`y`2a1942, seria; No. 451,912

\ The invention relates `to brake ing the brakes.

The inventionhas for one of its objects to pro-` systems and` refersmore particularly tohydraulic brake sysi l t tems provided with emergency means for applysystem;

c Vsfolaims. (o1. 18s-106)` i Figure ing liquid `pressure producing portion `ofc `the `brake vide a hydraulic brake system having separate `Figures 19 and 10 are cross sections on thelines pressure control devices for applying a, brake and S-Sand `Ill-ll), respectively, of Figure 8; c l l a manually operable member for operatingthe Figure 1l is a, cross section on the line Il--ll pressure control devices separately. y i of Figure 8; partly in section, and a diagram- `The invention has for another objectl to prol()` matic view of the pressure line portion ofthe vide an improved operating mechanism between brake system; 1 1 the"service and emergency pressure control de- Figure 12 is a cross section on the `line lE-izz -vices and the manuallyfoperable `member"by "ofFgure 11g; means of which the connection between the serv- Figure `13` is `a crosssection on the line I 2`l3 ice pressure control deviceand'the `manually op- 15 oitFigurell i i c i i erable member isgautomatically broken and the.. c Figure 14 is 'aview similar to a portion of Fig- `connection between the emergency control deure 1 showinga modied structure; i z vice and the manually operable member is `auto- Figure `15 iS` a Side elevation 0f Figure 14; "matically made.` i A FigureV 1`6`is a cross section on theline lli-it The invention has for afurther object; to so 20ct Figure 14; l l t i construct the operating mechanism that the au- Figure 17 is a rear` elevation` Of Figure 14," `tomatic operations takeplace only in the` event i Figures 18 and 19 -`are VeWS Similar to a porthat the service pressure control device becomes tion of Figure 1 Showing OtherfmOded S5111@` inoperative to apply the brake as byreasonl of f tures. i. i i loss of braking liquid in the pressurecontrolfde'- 25 The brake system iS particularly applicable te vice or'in` the pressure line leading from the i arplanesfalthough itis apparenttllatl maybe same to the wheel cylinder of the brake. used in other vehicles in which bothservice brak- Theinventionhasiforother objects togproi ingrand emergency braking are `olesirable.`` In c vide enioperating mechanism invvhichmovable genera1.the brake system `comprises a service i members are used to makethe connections be- 3o pressure `control device for normally applying the tween the manually operable member and" the` brake 1.113011v alfualiiorlby` a manually Operable service and emergency pressure control devices` member, Such aS a fOOl' Pedal, and all emergency" `and the movements of `tlfiescmembers are autopressure control device for applying the brake" matically controlled by `an `index plate; toprowhen the service pressure control devicebecornes" vde a. mechanism for connectingthe foot pedal 35` inoperative` Theemergency pressure control de-n to the pressure control devices whichfcan be vice is normallyfree o-fthe manually` operable c i manually controlledgand to provide amechanisin member and iS adapted t0 be Connected to the for connecting the foot `pedal to the pressureconl manually Operable member 01115 uperi the service` tro1 devices whichcan be manuany operated. pressure control device-becoming inoperative t 'Ihese and other objects ofthe inventionwill 40- AS illuslratedin'ligures 1` to '7 inclusiveJ the become apparent from thefollowing description, brakesystem is for `use in an airplane `having `the `taken `in connection with the accompanying brakefl which is adapted to be applied by the drawings, in which c c c c wheel'cylinder'Z. The brake and wheel cylinder t c Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in` section, are diagrammaticallr Shown irl Figure l and are `ori the line I-,I of Figure 12 ofthe braking liquid 45 0f standard construction. Theairplane is pro- `pressure producing portionofythe brake system vided with the swingable rudder pedale having and adiagrammatic view ofthe remaining `porthe upper rod 4 rotatably mounted onthe` air-` tion of thebrake system; f 2 l plane,` `the depending side rods 5 and E and the Figures 2, 3 and 4 are cross sections on the lowerrod 1, which latter is in 4thenaturefof` a lines 2 2, 3-3Vand 4 4,respectively,` ofFig`` 50 tubular shaft. `The rudder pedal `supportstlie ure 1;` n c' i Y i c foot pedal, thelatter having at its lower end the Figure 5 is a cross sectionon the line 5.-.-59of boss 9 rotatable on the lower rod '1. `l0 isfan Figure 1, partly broken away; j actuating lever rotatable onthe lower rod 'l be- Figure 6 isa bottcm plan view. of the `front tween the footpedal `ll and the side rod Eroi the `elevation ofFigure 1; 55` rudder pedal.

c igure 'lisa cross section ontheline 1 1 of Figure;` t, n if c 8 is a front elevationof `a` modied brak- The lever extends forwardlycf the airplane from the lower rod and is operatively connected to the servicefpressure control device II which is at one side of the rudder pedal and is located forwardly of the airplane from the rudder pedal and has its axis substantially parallel to the center line of the rudder pedal. The sewice pressure control device is pivotally connected at its upper end by the pin I2 to the airplane and at its lower end by the pin I3 to the actuating lever IIB, the arrangement being -suchthat the rudder pedal 3, the actuating lever I3, the service pressure control device Ii, and the imaginary arm between the upper rod 4 of the rudder pedal and the pivot pin I2 substantially forms a parallelogram.

`The servicepressure control device II is of standard construction and of the extension type employing yieldable parking mechanism and is generally similar to that disclosed in the L. A. Majneri Patent No. 2,120,073, patented June 7, 1938. The device comprises the cylinder I4, the piston I5 and the yieldable parking mechanism I-S which is normally inoperative, but can be manually made operative to yieldably apply the braking pressure through the piston. The cylinder has at its upper end a ventedupper tting which is pivotally connected to the airplane by the pin I2 and the cylinder has at its lower end a plug formed with an axial bore through which extends the piston rod Il. The piston is slidably secured to the upper end of the piston rod and forms a common wall for a reserve chamber i3 in the upper portion of the cylinder and a pressure chamber I9 in theV lower portion of the cylinder. The cylinder is formed with the port 20 opening into the pressure chamber. The piston I5 has the upwardly facing cup-shaped body 2l and the downwardly facing sealing cup 22, the webs of which normally abut. 'The piston rod I'I is provided with the by-pass 23 which provides for the passage of ithe braking liquid past the piston I5. The piston rod is also provided with the integral valve 24 above the by-pass and adapted to seat on the web of the piston body. 25 is a downwardly facing cup-shaped nut threaded into the piston body and having the lower end of its side wall engageable with the valve 24l when the latter is raised oif the web of the piston body. The upward movement of the piston is limited bythe spacer 25 located in the reserve chamber i8 and Awhen the parts are in their off position with the piston in its uppermost position, the by-pass 23 opens into both the reserve chamber I8 and the pressure chamber I9, the web of the nut 25 being provided with suitable apertures. However, upon downward movement of the piston rod relative to the piston communication is closed. To overcome possible sticking of the sealing cup 22 with the wall of the pressure chamber i9 during retraction of the piston I5 to its off position, there is the cup-shaped'retainer 2l secured to the piston rod I'I and having its upper end engageable with the web of the sealing cup. The upper end of the retainer is provided with suitable radial groovesv to secure a continuous communication between the reserve and pressure chambers when the parts are in their off positions.

To retain the rpiston I5 and the piston rod I3 in their off positions, there is the return coil spring 28 abutting the sealing cup 29 in the lower end of the pressure chamber and the retainer 21. The spring acts through the retainer upon the piston rod, which in turn acts `upon the piston through the valve abutting the nut. v

The yieldable parking mechanism `I3 has at its lower end the lower fitting 30 which is pivotally connected by thepin I3 to the actuating lever I0. The lower fitting is secured to the lower end of the housing 3I having an axial hole in its top through which the piston rod I'I extends. 32 is a yoke sleeved on the lower end of the piston rod and held in place by a nut threaded on the lower end of the piston rod. The yoke extends through diametrically opposite slots in the housing 3 I. 33 is a parking .coil spring within the housing and abutting its top and the yoke. To control the operation of the parking mechanism, there is a ratchet comprising like plates 34 pivotally mounted on the'housing 3I at opposite sides thereof and connected by the bar 35 to swing in unison.

The plates have the depending arms 36 adapted to abut the end portions of the yoke'extendin-g beyond the housing. The arms are normally held in engagement with the yoke by the ratchet return spring 31. The plates are formed with the upwardly extending teethv38 which are engageable with the lugs 39 .onthecylinder lI4 when the ratchet hasbeen` swung by the cable 40.from its normal position.

` The arrangementissuch that with the ratchet in its normal position, `at which time thearms 36 abut the yoke32, downward pull on thelower fitting 30 to .extend the service pressure control device and force braking liquid to the wheelcylinder causes downward movement of the piston I5 through the ratchet independently of the parking spring 33. fI-lowever, if the ratchetis swung from its normal position to release the parking spring downward pull on the lower tting causes the parking spring to move the lpiston` downwardly. If the yratchet is then swung to engage its teeth 38 with the lugs 39, the housing 3l will be positively held in ay lowered-position with respect to the 'cylinder I4 and the parking spring 33 will resiliently hold the piston I 5 downwardly to maintain pressure upon the braking liquid in the pressure chamber I9.

The port 23 of the service pressure control device is connected by a pressure linel to the wheel cylinder 2 and, as shown, the pressureline preferably comprises the shuttle valve 4I ydirectly connected to the wheel cylinder 2 and the tubing 42 between the port and the shuttle valve.V The shuttle valve may be of .standardv construction and comprises thecylinder 44 and the piston l45 reciprocable in the cylinder.

to the wheel cylinder and has atits ends the nipples 4'I and 48, the former being connected to the tubing 42. The piston is adapted to voccupy a position at either end of its reciproca-` pressure .line leading from the device to the brake.`

an emergency pressure control device connected to the brake and automatic operating mechanism between the foot pedal and the two vdevices areV provided.

49 is the emer-gency pressureccntrol .device located forwardly of the rudder pedal 3 at the side opposite the service pressure .control device II. The emergency pressure control devicefcomprises the cylinder.50and lthe piston -,5I reciprocable within the cylinder. Thercylinderlhas The cylinder has intermediate its ends the nipple 46 connected pin 51.

the port 52 adapted' tobe connected to thewheel l l cylinder 2 by a pressure line comprising the shuttle valve4I andthe tubing 53, which latter4 extendsbetween theport 52 and the nipple48 of thelshuttlevalve. i The cylinder f!) has i. at its 1 upper end a` vented upper tting 54 which is pivotally `connectedto the airplane by the pin i 55 which is in axial alignment with the pivot pin I2. The cylinder 50 has at its lower end a plug formed with an axial bore through which extends the piston rod 56. The pistonl 5| and the piston rod 56 are preferablyconstruoted and connected andresilientlyheld in off position in the same f manner as `the piston and `piston rod of the servicepl'essure control fdevice. The lower end ofthe piston rod is` pivotally connected to an actuating lever by the pin 51.which is incaxial alignment with `the pin I3. The arrangement is of which a part is formed by the service pressurefcontrol device. The emergency pressure control device is constructed to `force sufficient braking liquid under pressure into the pressure line to movethe shuttle'valve piston from the l c such that `the emergency pressure controldevice forms part of a` parallelogram identical tothat nipple `48 to the nipple 4l andto apply thebrake r to applythe brake, the piston travel equal to er that resulting from the parking spring deection is utilized to valve. c c l The automatic operating mechanism between the foot pedal and the two pressure control devices comprises the actuating lever 58, the spring urged pins 59 and 60, and the index plate 6I. Theactuating lever 58 is rotatable on` the lower rod I of the rudder pedal between the foot pedal 8 and the side rod 6 ofthe rudder pedal. The lever extends forwardly of the airplane from the lower rod and is operatively connected to the emergency'p'ressure control'device 49 by the pivot The Ifoot pedal 8 `is formed forwardly of the boss 9 with thebosses 62`in which the pins and 60 are longitudinally slidable. These pins are in axial alignment and abut each other. The pin 59 is adaptedl to extend within the hole 63 of the actuating lever I0 `to operatively connect the foot pedal8 to the service pressurecontrol device Il. The pin Gillis `adapted to extend throvughthev hole 64 in the indexplate` 6I c and displace the piston of theshuttle `within the hole 65 in the actuating lever 5B` to 4operatively connect the foot pedal 8 tothe emergency pressure control device 49.

is resiliently.' urged in a direction to become disengaged from the hole \63 in the actuating lever ID by the coil` spring 66 andthe pin 60 `is resiliently `urged ina direction to enter the hole The pin 59` range' independently of the parking spring and with corresponding movement of the foot pedal within its normal` operating rangefthe pin slides over the lindex plate and cannot enter the `holetlt therein. `As shown, 68 is a lock `pin slid- "ably mounted 4in the `actuating lever 58 and hav` ing the bevelednose 69 for partially entering the hole 64 inthe index plate. The lockpin 68 is resiliently urged by the coil spring 'I0 in a di-c rection to engage thelock pin nose in the hole 64. The coilspring 'I0 is of less strength than the coil spring 61 so that when the pin 60` registers with `the holef 'B4 the coil spring 6l will force the pin 60 into the hole 64 and retract the lock pin 68. This` retraction is limited by the shoulder 1I upon the lock pin engaging the bottomof the recess in which the` lock pin is; located and `the retraction is such that the end of the pin 60 at this time `is substantially flush with the faceof the actuating lever 58 adjacent the index plate `so that upon the returnmovement of the foot pedal 8, the pin will ride over the actuating `lever andthe index plate will be returned with the Vfoot pedal to register the hole l.

64 with the hole 65, `after which the pin 60 is forced by the spring 6l into the hole l65 to op.-` eratively connect the foot pedal 8 with the emeri gency pressure control device 49.

`The foot pedal 8 is' returned to its off position by the parking spring 33e-and the return spring.`

28. Thefriction betweenthepin 59 `and the ac` `tuating lever I0 resulting from the force exerted by the springs retains the pin 59 in the hole 63 while the pin 60 isentering the hole 64 and also while the `footpedalilis being lreturned until the eortoi` the parking spring is `entirely removed and the effort of the retracting spring has de#` creased to a point such that the friction between the pin59 and the actuating lever ID is overcome by the spring 65, at which time the pin 59 breaks r the connection between the foot pedal and the 64 in the index plate and the holef65 `in the;` acn i the actuating lever 58 and the foot pedalV 8. The index plate is normally `held in `position on the lower rod such that duringnormal operationoi theservice pressure "control device with movement of'its pistonthrough anormal' operating service pressure control device.

Inasmuch as the service pressure control device illustrated in the `present case employs a p-arkingmechanismgan automatic releasemechanism `for the parking mechanism` must be employed to provide forthe necessary movement of the foot pedal. The automatic release mechanism comprisesthe housing 12, the rod 13 exl tending axially into the housing through its upperend, and the coil spring 'I4 in the housing and located betweenwits upper` end and the head `I5 xedlypsecured to the lower end` of the rod 13.

The housing is pivotally connected at its lower c end bythe pin 'I6 to the ratchet andthe rod I3 extends slidably through the lateral arm. l1 `see cured to` theV cylinder I4. The coil spring 'I4 `is stronger `than the ratchet release coil `spring 313.

is is a nut adjustabiy threaded on the rod 13 above the lateral arm l1 and adapted during the i extensionof the service pressure. control device` by the actuating lever `I0 to contactf'the lateral Varm `Il lshortly before the travel of the piston oi the" service pressure control device through its normal operating range independent of the parking spring has been .completed. Ii the service `pressure control device` is operative so that there is hydraulic pressure in the brake system, aload is transmitted between the parking spring yoke 32 and thearms 36 of the ratchet tending to hold the arms in contact with the yoke to prevent the parking spring 33 from deflection. However, the complete piston travel independent of the parking lspringstill can be obtained because of deection of thevcoil spring 14.' `Isf the servicepressure con-f trol devicebecomes inoperativezandxthere is n hydraulic pressurelin the 'brake system during the .extension ofthe service .pressure 'controldevice, the ratchet release mechanism swings .the ratchet to disengage the Aarms 38. from the yoke 32.when the piston travel independent of the parking spring has been completed. As airesult, during continued extension of the service `pressure control device, the parking spring 33 isdelected.

, The extension of the service pressure control device being eiected by the foot pedalthrough the pin 59 and the actuating lever I8, it will .be seen that the deection of the parking spring 33 in the service `pressure control device which provides for the full` extension of the service pressure control device permits the foot pedal to swing far enough to register the. pin 68 with thehole 64 at substantially the .end of the full rextension of the pressure control device, after which the pilot allows the foot pedal to be returned to its offvposition by the parking spring 33 and the return spring 28. This return through the pin 60 swings the index plate to register its hole 84with the hole 65 .in the actuating lever 58 so that the pin l 88 is moved by its spring 8l to operative position. At the same time, during the return the pressure of the parking spring 33 is first removed and .then thepressure of the retracting spring 28 is'den creased until a point is reached when the strength of the coil spring v(it is sufficient to move the pin 59 out of the hole (i8 in the actuating lever I8 to inoperative position. Therefore, at the end of the return stroke of the foot pedal 8, the connection between the foot pedal and the service pressure control device II has been brokenvand the connection between the foot pedal' and the vemergency pressure control vdevice 49 has been made. As a result, movement of the foot pedal 8 in a forward direction to apply the brake results in the extension of the emergency pressure control device only.

To return .the parts to their original positions, the foot pedal 8 must be in the oi position. A resetting pin of considerably smaller diameter than the hole 65 in the actuating lever 58 is forced against the exposed end of the pin 68 to return this pin and also the pin 59 against the effort exerted b-y the coil springs 6B and S'lgto their original positions. lAfter the pin 88 has been moved out of the hole 85 in the actuating lever 58 and the hole B4 in the'index plate 6|, the vindex plate can be manually swung slightly by reason of the smaller diameter of the resetting pin, so that the index plate can engage the end of the pin 88 and hold the pin inplace upon removal of the resetting pin. Thenv the index plate can be manually swung to its original position at which time the lock pin 68 snaps into the hole 64.

While a service pressure control device having a parkingmechanism has been shown, the .brake pressure control devices are mounted on the same side 0f the footpedal with one forwardly and thexother rearwardlyof the airplane withfrespect` tothe rudder pedal.

The rudder 'pedal 19, the service pressurecontrol devicefand ,the :automatic ratchet release mechanism :8| are of` the same .construction .as previously described. The service pressure contro-l device is pivotally connected at its upper end by the pin 82 to the airplane and is pivotally con nected atits lower Aend to an actuating levergby the `pin 83, the service pressure control device formingA part of a parallelogram preferably. The emergencypressure controlV device 84 is ,located rearwardly .of theairplane relative .to the rudder pedal 'I9 .and is of the compression type. The emergency pressure control ,device comprises the cylinder 85 andthe ypiston 88 slidablewithin the cylinder andslidably connected tothe piston rod 81 `which is` pivotally connected at its upperend by the-pin'88 to the airplane. The pistong and the piston rod .8l .are preferably constructed and connected and resiliently heldin 01T position inthe same .manner as A,the piston vand pistonrod of theservice pressure control device .The cylinder 85 is pivotally connectedat its lower end to an actuating lever by the pin 89. .The axis of the emergency pressure control device 84 is preferablyatthe .samedistance from Athe vcenterline of .the rudder pedal 'I9 .as .the axis of theservice pressure control .deviceBlL thev emergency vpressure control .device `forming part of a parallelogram .corresponding to that of which the service Dlessurecontrol device is apart. The cylinder 85 has .the port 98 at its lower end which is connected by the tubing `9| to the nipple of the shuttle valve v92 opposite' the nipple connectedjto the service pressure control device 80. The shuttle valve is constructed and also connected to the Vairplane brake in the same .manner as the shuttle valve4 I.

The foot pedal`93'hasatits'1ower end thefbosses 94 and 95 rotatable on the lower rod 96 of `the rudder pedal 'i9 and spacedlongitudinally ofthe lower rod. 491 and 98 are `actuating levers'rotatable on the lower rod side by side withthey actu-` atinglever `91 next ,to the adjacent side rod lof the rudder pedal. 'Theactuating lever 91 `extends forwardly and is operatively .connected at its free end to the service pressure control device by the pin 83. The actuating lever '98 extends rearwardly `and is operatively connectedv at itsfree and ,to the emergency pressure control .device 84 bythe pin 8.9. The boss' 95 of .the'ioot pedal has the.forwardly and. rearwardly extending projections 99 and IUI), respectively, which are recessed to receive l the pins IUI and |82, respectively. The pin IGI. is adapted' to extend within thehOle |93. in the actuating lever9`| .to make thecon-l nection between thefoot pedal 93 and the service pressure control device '|9 and the pin |92 is adapted to extend within the hole '|04 insthe actuating lever 98 to make the .connectionk between the foot pedal-93 .and the emergency pressure control devicef84. |05 .is a coil .spring for resiliently urging the pin I8 Iaway. fromthe actuatinglever 9'! and |08 is a coil spring for resiliently urging the pin |82 toward .the actuating. lever 98.

For thepurposeoffholding .the pin||l2` out of the hole |04 in the .actuating lever 98 vand of holding the pin |||I in the -hole |83 of the actuating lever .9T sothat the connectionbetween the foot pedal andthe emergency pressure control device is `'broken and theconnection vbetweenthe brake pedal andthe servicev pressure. `control device is made,v there are .the index plate ILand. the. trig ger.;p1ate. |108. .The indexplatell is.rotatab1e "between `the bosses on `the lower rod 96 between the projection |00 on the footvpedal boss 95 and the actuating lever 98 and is provided with the hole |09 through hole |09 beyond the normal operating travel of to locate the the pin 1|02 when applying the brake through the` service pressure control device 80 when the latter is operative. As shown, is a lock pin slidably mounted in the actuating lever 98 and having the beveled nose for partially entering the hole |09 in the index plate. The lock pin is resiliently l urged by the coil spring |`|2 in a direction to engage thelock pin nose inthe hole |09: The

coil spring 2 is of less strength than the coil spring |06 so that when the pin |02 registers with the hole 09 the coilspring |06 will force the lpin into the hole and This retraction is `limited by stantially iiushwith the face of the actuating lever 98 adjacent the index plate so that upon return swing of. the root pedal the indexplate |01jwill" bei` returned with the end of the pin 1|02 riding over the actuating lever 98 until the pin |02 and the hole |09 register with the hole |04, at which time the spring |06 \forces"the pin |02 intoi `the hole |04.` The triggerplate A|08 is rotatably mounted on the lower `rod 96 94 and 95 of the foot pedal and is provided atoppositesides with the arms also with the lug ||6 between the arms. The trigger plate is `normally held in a rotative position such that the arm ||4 engages the adjacent end of the pin |0| `to hold thepin in the hole |03 of the actuating lever, 91 and this rotativeposition is determinedby contact of the arm ||5 with the end portion ofi the pin |02 extending beyond the end of the projection |00 in which this pin is located. oItlwill be noted that the index plate normally holds vthe pin |02 in a `position to be engaged by the arm` ||5. The coil spring |1 betweenthe lug the lug 8 depending from the` foot pedal normally holds end portion of the pin |02. The pin |02 `has a length such that when it enters the hole 109 in `the index plate the pin is located entirely within the projection |00 to clear the arm ||5.-

l As `a result,` the `trigger plate |08 canbe `swung `by the spring |1 sol that the arm ||4 clears the pin lill, at which time the arm stop `the other `arm ||5 `of the trigger plate being in contact with the end `portion of thepin 02 held in thispositionv byV the index `plate |01.` 1 Thus with the service pressure control device `the arm ||5 againstthe` H5 `engages the I9 extending laterally from the projection` normal operating retract the lock pin. I y the shoulderf||3 K upon the lock pin engaging the bottom ofthe recess `inwhich` the `lool: pin is located and the `retraction is such the Aend of the pin |02 `issub- If ,the service ipressure inoperative and the foot from` its" off position,

servicepressure control device and this release mechanism swings the ratchet out of operative relation so that continued extension of the service pressure control device deects its parking spring. The deiiection of the `parking spring permits the pin |02 `to register with the hole |09 inthe index plate |01 and to retract the lock pin 0. Thespring ||1 then rotates the `trigger plate |08 .to contact the arm ||5 with the stoptll9, at which time the arm Il4 clears `the pin: |0|. The pilot thenl releases his Vfoot pressure upon the` foot pedal and the latter returnsto its off positionunder the force exerted by the parking spring and the return spring of the` service pressure control device, during which 1 time the index plate |01 is swung so that at l the endof the `return movement or the` foot t M pedal the hole |09 in the index `plate and the.

pin 02 register withthe hole |04 in the actuating lever 98. During thereturn, the pressure" of the parking spring is removed and the pressureof the retracting spring of the serv1ce pres sure control device decreases and` a `point is reached `at which the `spring |05 overcomes the frictionbetween the pin |0| andthe actuating lever 91` tc force the pin |0| out of the hole |03. Then upon forward swinging of the foot pedal from its oif position, the emergency pressure control device will be operated through the V pin m2 and the actuating lever sa, during which operative, forward swingingof thefoot `pedal applies'the brakewithout spring of the service time the service pressurecontrol device will noto be operated inasmuch as its connection with the foot pedal has been broken. l v l o To return the parts to their original positions, the foot pedal 931n`ust be in olf position. A suitable resetting pin is used to force the pin |0| against the effort exerted'by the spring |05 into` the hole |09 of the actuating lever 91, afterwhich4 the trigger plate |08 is `manually swung to position its armi||4 over the pin |0|. While the trigger plate is held in this position, a resetting` pin of considerably smaller diameter than the hole |04 in the actuating lever 98 is forced against the exposed end ofthe pin`|02 to move the same out ofthe hole 04` and the hole |09 in the index plate, after which the index .plate can be manually swung slightly'` to engage the end ofthe pin `|02 and hold the pin in place :lupon removal of the resetting pin. The` index plate can then be swung `manually `to its original position,l atrwhich` time l thelock pin ||0 snaps into the hole |09` Figures `14 to 17, inclusive, show another structure for normally locking the index plate to the actuating leverfor the emergency pressurefcon- `trol device. `This structure may be readily used in eitherof the previously described` brake systems. In detail,` |20 is the actuatinglever pivotally connected at its `free end to the emergency pressure control device and beside the actuating lever.A

the actuating leverand the index plate, resiliently holding `the abutment |25 on the actuating lever in contact with the lug |24. With 'this arrangecontrol device becomes pedal is swung forwardly it extends the service pressure control device `through the pin |0| and the actuating lever 91 to bring the ratchet release `mechanism into operation at the end` of the |2| is the index plate The desired angular' relation between the actuating lever and-the in" `dex plate is normally retained by the coil spring l |22, between `the lugs |23 and |24 respectively on pin60 of Figures 1 to '7,

inclusive, hasV engagedthe'hole IZEi'in thev index i plate, the tension of' the springr |22'must beiovercome by the return spring inthe service pressure control device, which spring corresponds to the return spring 2a ofthe service pressure control device il, while the foot pedal isbeing' returned to off position and'carryin'g with it rthe index plate. Figure 18 discloses another embodiment in which the connection between the foot pedal and the service pressure control device' and the connection between the foot pedal and the emergency pressure control device are manually controlled. |21 is the foot pedal, |28 is the actuating lever for the service pressure control device and |29 is the actuating lever for the emergency pressure control device. The foot pedal has the bosses |30 in which is slidably mounted the pin l3l. The pin is normally held positively in the hole |32 Vin the boss |33 ofthe actuatinglever |28 by the spring pressedV plunger |34 slidably engaging the boss and extending into the diametrical hole |35 in the pin. The plunger may be manually disengaged from the pin by pulling upon the plunger against theeflort exerted by its spring. The pin |3|- is resiliently urged away from the actuating lever |281 by the coil spring |35 and when moved in this direction the pin is adapted to extend within the hole |31 in the actuating lever |29 when the parts' are in their ofi positions.

In the event that theservice pressurev control device becomes inoperative, thel pilot pulls the plungery |34 out of the hole |35 and when the foot pedal |27 is'in its ofl'position thev pin |3| is.. moved bythe coil spring` |36` into the liole'ISl. As` a result, the connection` between the foot pedal and the service pressurecontrol deviceiis automatically broken and the connection between the foot pedal and the emergency pressure'control, device is automatically made so that upon forward movement ofthe foot pedal it will operate the emergency pressure control device.v

Figurel 19 discloses' another embodiment in which the connections between the foot pedal and the service pressure control device and between the foot pedal andthe emergency pressure control device are` respectively broken andmade by a manual operation. In this structure theV foot pedal 538` slidably supports the pin |33 which in normal operation extends within thehole- |40 in the actuating lever |4I. The pin is provided with the lateral arm |42 which can be manually moved in the direction indicated by the arrow to move the pin |39 out of the hole |40 andinto the hole |43 of the actuating lever' |443 for the emergency pressureVV control device. Thismovement can be accomplished onlywhen thefoot pedal isin its oil position. For yieldabl'y. controlling the position of the'pin |395; the pin is provided' with the two annular grooves? |45 and |46 which are alternatively engaged' bythe'spring pressed ball |51 in the middle'v boss off the foot pedal through which' the pin extends.

What we claim as' ourl invention is:

l. In a brake system, separate pressure control devices for a brake, .a manually operable oscillatable member., andioperating mechanism between said manuallyv operable memberand'fpressure control devicesI for separately operating the latter fromY the former, said operating mechamism comprising.. a. member"normallyA occupying an, operative position making a connection be.- tween` one of said'l pressureicontrol devices and saidrmanually. operable memberfandI being mov'- able to an inoperative position upon oscillation sglseaezi of said manually operable member, said' operating mechanismfalso comprising a; member normally occupying an inoperative position and being movable duringrthe return movement of said manuallyoperable. member to an operative position making a connection between the other'of said `pressure control devicesand said manually operable member.

2. In a brake. system, a service pressurecontrol device, an emergency pressure control device, a manually operable` member, means for normally operatively connecting saidA servicepressure control device to said manually operable member: movable tov a position breaking the` operative connection, means for operatively con'- necting said emergency pressure control device to said manually operable member normally` oc*- cupying a position breaking theconnection, and meansfor-efecting themovement of said first `mentioned and second mentioned. means to break l the connection between said service pressurencontrol device and manually operable member and makev the connection between said emergency pressure control. device and manually operable member. f

3. In a brake system, a service pressure control device, an emergency pressure controll device, a manually operable member, and automaticpoperating: mechanism between said pressure control devices and manually operable member for separately operating the former from the latter, said operating mechanism comprisingmeans .normally making service pressureI control deviceY and manually operable member and breaking the. connection between said emergency pressure control device and manually operablemember, andspring means forv moving said rst mentioned means in a direction;` to break. the connection between said service -pressure control device and manually operable member and make the connection between said. emergency pressure control device and manually operable member.

v4. In a hydraulic brake system, a service pressure control device forhydraulically applying a brake, anemergency pressure control device for hydraulically applying a brake, a manually operable member, a member normally in operative position to connect said service pressure control device to said manually operable member', a second member adapted to operatively connect said emergency pressure control device to said manually operable member, said second member nor'- mally occupying a position freeing said emergency pressurecontrol device'irom said manuallyoper'- able. member; and means for normally holding said connecting members in their normal posi'- tions" during the normal operating travel of said manually operable member and for r'eleasing'said connecting members upon greatertravel ofsaid manually operable member. y

5; Ina` hydraulic brake system, a service pres' sure controlV device *for' hydraulically applying f a brake', an emergencypressure controldevicefor hydraulically applying a brake,` afoot: pedal',l a pin carried by said foot pedal* and normally oc cupyingV a position'making` anA operativel connec tion between said service pressure control device andioot pedal, a second pin carried by said` f'oot pedal and normally occupying va position'freeing said emergency pressure'controldevicefrom said ioot pedal', springv means for moving said' pins' in a direction' to break' the connection between said servicepressure controldevice and foot pedal and make the connection between said emergency an operativeV connection` between said' service pressure" control device having a piston e movable through a normal operating range, a-

hydraulic emergency pressure control device having a piston movable through a range greater than the normal operating range of the piston of said service pressure control device, actuating levers forsaid pressure control devices, a foot pedal, a' pin carried by said foot pedal and normally engaging the actuating lever for said service 'pressure control device to operate the latter from said foot pedal, a secondpin carried by said foot pedal and adapted to engage the actuating lever f for said emergency pressure control device to operatively connect the` latter to said foot pedal, an index plate for holding said pins in their normal positions during the` travel of the piston of said service pressure control device Within its normal operating range, said index plate being formed to permit movement of said pins fron. their normal positions when the travel of the piston of said servicepressure control device becomes greater than the normal operating range, and means upon `the actuating lever `for said `emergency pressure control device for normallyholding said index plate in a `position to retain said pins in their normal positions. l

7. In a hydraulic brake system, a hydraulic service pressure control device, anemergency pressure control device, anaetuating lever for rst mentioned pin in engagement with said rst mentioned actuating lever and said second pin out 0f engagementwith said second mentioned actuating lever, said index plate having' a hole adapted to register With saidsecond. pin upon movement of said foot pedal beyond its normal operating range and being adapted to swing to a position registering With the hole in said second mentioned actuating lever.

8. In ahydraulio brake system, a hydraulic service pressure control device, a hydraulic emergency pressure control device, an'actuating lever` for said service pressure control device having a hole, a second actuating lever for said emergency pressure control device having a hole, a foot pedal, a rst pin upon said foot pedalengageable in the hole of said first mentioned actuating lever, a spring for normally urging said rst pin away from said rst mentioned actuating lever, a `second pin upon said foot pedal engageable inthe hole in said second mentioned actuating lever, a spring for resiliently urging said second pin into the hole in said second mentioned V:actuating lever, an index plate normally holding said second pin out ofthe hole of said second mentioned actuating lever, and a trigger plate normally positionedby said second pin to hold said first pin in the hole of said rst mentioned actuating lever, said` index plate having a hole engageable by said secondpin upon forward. movement of said foot pedal and adapted to register lWith the hole in said second Vmentioned actuating lever upon return `movement by said foot pedal l to. permit said second pin to enter the hole in said service pressure control device, a second actuating lever for said emergency pressure control device, said levers each having a hole, a foot Y pedal, a longitudinally movable pin upon said foot pedal normally extending within the hole of said iirst mentioned actuating lever to connect the same to said foot pedal, a second longitudinally movable pin upon said foot pedal in alignment with and abutting said first mentioned pin, said second pin being adapted to engage the hole insaid4 second mentioned actuating lever to con-` nect the same to said foot pedal, and anindex plate between said second pin and second mentioned actuating lever for normally holding said said second mentioned actuating lever.

9. In a brake system, separate pressure control devices for applying a brake, a foot pedalactu ating levers at opposite-sides of saidfoot` pedal for said pressure control devices, each of said levers having a hole,`a pin upon saidhfoot` pedal engageable in the holes of said actuating levers,

a manually operable member for holding said pin in the hole of one of` said actuating levers, and spring means for resiliently urging said pin into the hole of the other of said actuating -levers upon release 4of said pin by said manually operable member.

LUDWIG A. MAJNERI. WILLIAM A. WISEMAN. 

